云南严重低温霜冻灾害天气个例分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

解明恩程建刚  鲁亚斌范菠 《气象科技》2005,33(3):250-255

1999年12月下旬特大霜冻灾害是云南1951年以来损失最大的一次自然灾害,受灾面积85万hm^2,直接经济损失55亿元。利用高空和地面气象资料,分析了严重低温霜冻灾害的天气成因,并与历史上的1973／1974、1975／1976年冬季云南两次严重霜冻灾害进行了比较。结果表明：特大霜冻灾害是在云南连续暖冬背景下发生的,对云南经济作物和热带作物的危害最大。高空冷平流与地面冷高压控制下长时间夜间晴空辐射冷却降温是此次重霜冻形成的主要原因,500hPa、700hPa偏北气流和干冷南支槽是主要影响天气系统。碧空无云、静风、湿度小、气温低、气压高、露点温度特低是此次重霜冻的主要气象要素变化特征。冻害以滇南热带作物种植区最为严重。关键词霜冻低温冷平流晴空辐射暖冬  相似文献   

Occurrence,shape and movement of daily rainfall in the Huai Basin,China     

Cecilia Svensson 《水文研究》1999,13(8):1197-1215

The upper reaches of the Huai River in Central China are located in the East Asian monsoon region. Strong seasonality, as well as large interannual variability of rainfall, causes floods and an uneven supply of water. In order to conserve the water and mitigate the floods, dams and flood protection structures are constructed. Their design requires information about the rainfall. Daily observations from 1957 to 1986 from 78 rain gauges were used to study shape, orientation, movement and geographical and seasonal occurrence of storms in the 79 000 km² study area. The rainfall characteristics were described using graphical plots, cross‐ and autocorrelation. Storms larger than 50 mm/day were found to occur from February to November, whereas storms exceeding 350 mm/day were confined to the main rainfall season from late June to mid‐August. The southern part of the study area experienced a break in the rainfall season in late July, corresponding to the seasonal northward shift of the rain belt. A weekly periodicity of 7–8 days for rainfall was found during June–July, but not during August–September. During the whole period June–September, the spatial pattern of daily rainfall revealed an elongated shape, more pronounced during June–July than August–September. The rainfall area was orientated approximately from WSW to ENE during the whole period, and showed an anticlockwise rotation of about 16° per day during June–July. The cross‐correlation analysis revealed that the rainfall area moved about 100 km/day eastward. These results and an investigation of meteorological maps indicate that the spatial correlation pattern of daily rainfall is produced by cold fronts on the Mei‐Yu front. Suggestions are made as to how to use the results for the construction of design rainfalls in the study area. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

干冷空气活动对2008年梅雨降水的作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张志刚  金荣花  牛若芸  孔期  秦华锋 《气象》2009,35(4):25-33

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2008年梅汛期暴雨过程中干冷空气侵入对暴雨发生、发展和维持的作用.结果表明:梅雨期中高纬度环流的演变和调整与暴雨过程密切相关,亚洲北部阻塞高压(高压脊)的建立和维持,使得500hPa高度上西风锋区南压,导致干冷空气南下,极涡活动的异常偏东和加强有助于冷空气向江淮流域输送,有利于江淮流域暴雨的发展.在江淮流域梅雨期间,干冷空气的活跃与暴雨过程相对应.干冷空气来源于中高纬度和中高层.干冷空气侵入有利于对流层中高层干层的形成和维持.而且,干冷空气侵入是梅雨湿度锋形成和维持的一个重要动力和热力原因.在此研究基础上,归纳出中期预报着眼点,供实际业务预报参考使用.  相似文献   

2011年6月江西省北部一次大暴雨天气过程成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

孙素琴  郑婧  许爱华  陈云辉 《气象与减灾研究》2015,38(1):25-36

利用常规气象观测资料、高时空分辨率TBB资料以及NCEP/FNL再分析资料,对2011年6月14—15日江西省北部梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了天气分析。同时,利用中尺度数值模式WRF对此次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行数值模拟,分析暴雨的中尺度系统结构特征。结果表明:稳定的环流形势下,500 h Pa低槽后部冷空气与强盛的西南暖湿气流在江南北部持续对峙,使得暴雨区稳定维持在江西省北部。低层充沛的水汽供应、强的热力不稳定及强烈的天气尺度、中尺度辐合和地形抬升是此次暴雨产生的有利环境场和触发条件。锋区及其附近的锋生过程与强降水密切相关,冷暖气流在地面至对流层中低层的交馁,激发正涡度柱沿锋区倾斜爬升,强烈的上升气流穿越锋区激发大量不稳定能量释放。超低空急流的脉动和稳定维持为暴雨发生的有利水汽输送机制,高低空水平距离的缩短有利于高低空急流的耦合、垂直运动的发展和降水强度的加强。强降水区上空β中尺度对流扰动在冷、暖气流对峙区内不断生成、发展、东移,加之局地地形等作用致使大暴雨的发生。  相似文献   

Gust Front Statistical Characteristics and Automatic Identification Algorithm for CINRAD          下载免费PDF全文

ZHENG Jiafeng  ZHANG Jie  ZHU Keyun  LIU Liping  LIU Yanxia 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):607-623

Gust front is a kind of meso-and micro-scale weather phenomenon that often causes serious ground wind and wind shear. This paper presents an automatic gust front identification algorithm. Totally 879 radar volume-scan samples selected from 21 gust front weather processes that occurred in China between 2009 and 2012 are examined and analyzed. Gust front echo statistical features in reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width fields are obtained. Based on these features, an algorithm is designed to recognize gust fronts and generate output products and quantitative indices. Then, 315 samples are used to verify the algorithm and 3 typical cases are analyzed. Major conclusions include： 1） for narrow band echoes intensity is between 5 and 30 dBZ, widths are between 2 and 10 km, maximum heights are less than 4 km （89.33%are lower than 3 km）, and the lengths are between 50 and 200 km. The narrow-band echo is higher than its surrounding echo. 2） Gust fronts present a convergence line or a wind shear in the velocity field;the frontal wind speed gradually decreases when the distance increases radially outward. Spectral widths of gust fronts are large, with 87.09% exceeding 4 m s-1 . 3） Using 315 gust front volume-scan samples to test the algorithm reveals that the algorithm is highly stable and has successfully recognized 277 samples. The algorithm also works for small-scale or weak gust fronts. 4） Radar data quality has certain impact on the algorithm.  相似文献   

石斑鱼转录因子NR1D1和NR1D2在冷胁迫中的调控作用          下载免费PDF全文

苗奔奔  林楚  曹文科  梁燕珊  吴仁协  牛素芳  梁镇邦 《应用海洋学学报》2024,43(1):147-159

NR1D1和NR1D2转录因子属于核受体转录因子家族,二者通过调控靶基因表达参与众多生物学过程,尤其在昼夜节律调节中发挥重要作用。本研究通过分析NR1D1和NR1D2的蛋白质分子特征以及在冷胁迫下珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂)的基因调控关系以及它们所参与的通路,揭示它们在鱼类低温环境中的功能作用。生物信息学比较分析显示〖STBX〗NR1D1和NR1D2〖ST〗基因序列均有23个开放阅读框,编码的蛋白质均属于不稳定的亲水性蛋白质。NR1D1和NR1D2蛋白质均含有ZF C4类锌脂蛋白结构域和Hormone_Recep核激素受体的配体结合域,主要配体为含铁原卟啉IX。这两种蛋白主要在细胞核中发挥调控基因表达的作用,且与昼夜节律通路的多个关键基因有直接作用关系。结果表明,在冷胁迫下NR1D1和NR1D2作为转录因子可通过调控靶基因的表达,参与昼夜节律调节并促进糖脂代谢、线粒体氧化等过程,为珍珠龙胆石斑鱼提供必要的能量,有助于增强其耐寒性。  相似文献   

A pre-Ipswichian cold stage mammalian fauna from the Balderton Sand and Gravel,Lincolnshire, England     

Adrian M. Lister  Allan Brandon 《第四纪科学杂志》1991,6(2):139-157

The Balderton Sand and Gravel has yielded one of very few mammalian faunas dated to the penultimate Cold Stage in Britain. The assemblage is dominated by mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, with subordinate horse, red deer, bison, straight-tusked elephant, musk ox, reindeer, wolf, lion, brown bear and cf. narrow-nosed rhinoceros. This fauna indicates cold stage conditions, probably including one or more interstadial episodes. The presence of straight-tusked elephant and cf. narrow-nosed rhinoceros supports its pre-Devensian age, and provides corroboration for the occurrence of these taxa in the British Wolstonian. An attempt is made to analyse the fossil collection by preservation type and adhering sediment: the occurrence of individual species appears to be largely uncorrelated with lithology. The Balderton assemblage corresponds well to other British mammal faunas assigned to a cold interval between the Hoxnian and Ipswichian Interglacials.  相似文献   

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF WIND FIELDS AT UPPER LEVELS IN THE MEIYU PERIOD ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW LEVEL JET AND MESOSCALE SYSTEMS          下载免费PDF全文

翟国庆  高坤  孙淑清 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,(1)

Using a mesoscale model,a numerical study on a heavy rainfall case occurring in theChangjiang-Huaihe River Basin is made in this paper.The influence of the intensity ofnortheasterly wind in front of the Qinghai-Xizang high at upper level on the low level wind fieldand development of mesoscale systems as well as heavy rainfall is investigated.The model wellreproduced the heavy rainfall process and the weather systems associated.And it indicates that thestrong northeasterly flow around the high at upper troposphere will bring about not only thestrengthening of low level southeasterly wind,but also the appearance of shear-line and mesoscalevortex at low level.The coupling of northerly wind at upper level and southerly wind at lowerlevel constructs a vertical indirect circulation which is most favourable for the development ofconvective motions.Its ascending branch in the shear-line area is very strong and shows apronounced mesoscale characteristic.  相似文献   

CHANGE TRENDS OF EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS IN CHINA   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Sun Anjian  Liu Xiaoning  Gao Bo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(2):129-141

The variations of extreme climate events such as cold wave, typhoon, hot and cold days havebeen discussed using the recent 45-year data. The reductions of nationwide cold wave activities andannual cold day number in northern China all have close relationship with warming winters,especially during 1980s and early 1990s. Decrements of annual hot day number are associated withcooling summers. The typhoon variation has connection with the tropical Pacific sea surfacetemperature conditions. The increments of drought/flood events since 1980s may be connectedindirectly with climate warming up significantly since 1980s. The climate variability of theseextreme climate events has decreased with time since 1980s.  相似文献   

Mesoscale moisture variability and its impact on energy transfer through the boundary layer     

Michael Frech 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,87(1):41-68

The impact of mesoscale moisture variability on the vertical energy transfer through a pre-frontal boundary layer is studied with NOPEX aircraft data. The moisture variability relates to a cold front that passed the area 2 1/2 hours after the observations. We find a density front ahead of the cold front. The large vertical divergence of the turbulent moisture flux in the surface layer is partly related to this moisture variability. Large scale horizontal advection contributes to the observed vertical turbulent flux divergence. The estimated horizontal mesoscale advection term in the budget of sensible heat and moisture is on average small but locally it can be large. This term acts to re-distribute moisture in the boundary layer and leads to sub-grid variations of relative humidity, which is an important quantity for boundary-layer cloud models. The distinct spatial variations of specific humidity are mainly related to synoptic forcing and not to heterogeneity in the surface energy balance.  相似文献